Preface .......................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ................................................... xv Notes on terminology .............................................. xix INTRODUCTION: RETHINKING "MIXED RACE" STUDIES ....................... 1 PART ONE Tracing the origins: miscegenation, moral degeneracy and genetics Miscegenation and moral degeneracy 1 Robert Knox DO RACES EVER AMALGAMATE? .......................................... 37 2 Joseph Arthur de Count Gobineau RECAPITULATION: THE RESPECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THREE GREAT RACES; THE SUPERIORITY OF THE WHITE TYPE, AND, WITHIN THIS TYPE, OF THE ARYAN FAMILY ............. 39 3 Josiah Clark Nott and George Robins Gliddon HYBRIDITY OF ANIMALS, VIEWED IN CONNECTION WITH THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MANKIND ..................................... 42 4 Charles Darwin ON THE RACES OF MEN: ... THE EFFECTS OF CROSSING ................... 47 5 Martin R. Delany COMPARATIVE ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION ............................... 52 6 Melville Herskovits THE AMALGAM HE REPRESENTS AND HIS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE STUDY OF RACE .................................................. 54 7 Edward Byron Reuter THE HYBRID AS A SOCIOLOGICAL TYPE .................................. 57 8 Cedric Dover GOD'S OWN CHILLUN .................................................. 59 9 Everett V. Stonequist THE RACIAL HYBRID .................................................. 65 10 Frank Furedi CROSSING THE BOUNDARY: THE MARGINAL MAN ............................ 69 11 Paul Rich THE "HALF-CASTE" PATHOLOGY ......................................... 73 12 Clarence Lusane NAZI-STERILIZATION OF AFRO-GERMANS ................................. 80 Suggestions for further reading .................................... 91 Genetics 13 American Anthropological Association AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION STATEMENT ON "RACE" ........... 97 14 William B. Provine GENETICS AND THE BIOLOGY OF RACE CROSSING ......................... 100 15 Paul Brodwin GENETICS, IDENTITY AND THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF ESSENTIALISM ........... 116 16 Kimberly TallBear DNA, BLOOD AND RACIALIZING THE TRIBE .............................. 123 Suggestions for further reading ................................... 131 PART TWO Mapping contemporary and foundational discourses: "Mixed race", identities politics and celebration 17 Gloria Anzaldua LA CONCIENCIA DE LA MESTIZA: TOWARDS A NEW CONSCIOUSNESS .......... 139 18 Maria P.P. Root WITHIN, BETWEEN, AND BEYOND RACE .................................. 143 19 Paul R. Spickard THE ILLOGIC OF AMERICAN RACIAL CATEGORIES ......................... 149 20 Naomi Zack BLACK, WHITE, AND GRAY: WORDS, WORDS, WORDS ....................... 153 21 Lewis R. Gordon RACE, BIRACIALITY, AND MIXED RACE ................................. 158 22 Teresa Kay Williams RACE-ING AND BEING RACED: THE CRITICAL INTERROGATION OF "PASSING" ...................................................... 166 23 William S. Penn INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 171 24 Carol Camper INTO THE MIX ...................................................... 176 25 Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe LET BLACKNESS AND WHITENESS WASH THROUGH: COMPETING DISCOURSES ON BI-RACIALIZATION AND THE COMPULSION OF GENEALOGICAL ERASURES ............................................. 183 Suggestions for further reading ................................... 195 PART THREE Debating definitions: multiraciality, census categories and critiques The census and categories 26 Danzy Senna THE MULATTO MILLENNIUM ............................................ 205 27 Lisa Jones IS BIRACIAL ENOUGH (OR, WHAT'S THIS ABOUT A MULTIRACIAL CATEGORY ON THE CENSUS?: A CONVERSATION) .......................... 209 28 Philip Tajitsu Nash WILL THE CENSUS GO MULTIRACIAL? ................................... 214 29 Rainier Spencer THINKING ABOUT TRANSCENDING RACE .................................. 219 30 Elizabeth M. Grieco and Rachel C. Cassidy OVERVIEW OF RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN: CENSUS 2000 BRIEF ........... 225 31 Charlie Owen "MIXED RACE" IN OFFICIAL STATISTICS ............................... 244 32 Office for National Statistics CENSUS 2001 - ETHNICITY AND RELIGION IN ENGLAND AND WALES (2002) .................................................. 250 33 Peter Aspinall THE CONCEPTUALISATION AND CATEGORISATION OF MIXED RACE / ETHNICITY IN BRITAIN AND NORTH AMERICA: IDENTITY OPTIONS AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE ................................. 255 Suggestions for further reading ................................... 259 Multiraciality and critiques 34 Steven Masami Ropp DO MULTIRACIAL SUBJECTS REALLY CHALLENGE RACE?: MIXED RACE ASIANS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE CARIBBEAN ................ 263 35 Cynthia L. Nakashima SERVANTS OF CULTURE: THE SYMBOLIC ROLE OF MIXED-RACE ASIANS IN AMERICAN DISCOURSE ...................................... 271 36 George G. Sanchez Y TU ¿QUE?(Y2K): LATINO HISTORY IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM ............. 276 37 G. Reginald Daniel THE NEW MILLENNIUM: TOWARD A NEW MASTER RACIAL PROJECT AND EPILOGUE: BEYOND BLACK OR WHITE: A NEW UNITED STATES RACIAL PROJECT ...................................... 283 38 Itabari Njeri THE LAST PLANTATION ............................................... 295 39 Mark Christian ASSESSING MULTIRACIAL IDENTITY .................................... 303 40 Minelle Mahtani and April Moreno SAME DIFFERENCE: TOWARDS A MORE UNIFIED DISCOURSE IN "MIXED RACE" THEORY ............................................... 313 Suggestions for further reading ...................................... 318 Index ............................................................. 321