Modulated Structures .......................................................... 873 Gervais Chapuis Molecular Biomimetics ......................................................... 879 Philip Ball Molecular Clefts and Tweezers ................................................. 887 Michael Harmata Molecular Logic Gates ......................................................... 893 Gareth J. Brown, A. Prasanna de Silva, Sheenagh M. Weir Molecular Modeling and Related Computational Techniques ....................... 901 Manuela Grotjahn, Torsten Rambusch, Karsten Gloe, Leonard F. Lindoy Molecular Squares, Boxes, and Cubes ........................................... 909 Peter H. Dinolfo, Shih-Sheng Sun, Joseph T. Hupp Molecular Switches ............................................................ 917 Ruud G.E. Coumans, Alan E. Rowan Molecular Wires ............................................................... 925 Franco Scandola Molecular-Level Machines ...................................................... 931 Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi Naked Anion Effect ............................................................ 939 Dario Landini, Angelamaria Maia Nanocasting Strategies and Porous Materials ................................... 950 Sebastian Polarz Neutron Diffraction ........................................................... 959 Chick C. Wilson Nomenclature in Crystal Engineering ........................................... 967 Ashwini Nangia Nonlinear Optical Materials ................................................... 973 Ravi Mosurkal, Lynne A. Samuelson, Jayant Kumar Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ....................................... 981 Arvin Moser, Christian Detellier Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy ..................................... 989 John A. S. Smith Organic Zeolites .............................................................. 996 Tino Hertzsch, Jurg Hulliger, Edwin Weber, Piero Sozzani Organometallic Anion Receptors ............................................... 1006 Paul D. Beer, Elizabeth J. Hayes Organometallic Oligomers and Polymers ........................................ 1014 Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz O2 Uptake and Transport, Models of ........................................... 1023 James P. Collman, Katja E. Berg Peptide Nanotubes ............................................................ 1035 Carl Henrik Gorbitz Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Environmentally Benign Reaction Media ............ 1042 Silvio Quici, Amedea Manfredi, Gianluca Pozzi Photochemical Sensors ........................................................ 1053 Luigi Fabbrizzi Photophysical and Photochemical Methods ...................................... 1060 Pavel Anzenbacher, Jr., Michael A. J. Rodgers Phthalocyanines .............................................................. 1069 Marco Evangelisti π-π Interactions: Theory and Scope ........................................... 1076 Ian Dance π-π Stacking as a Crystal Engineering Tool ................................... 1093 Stuart L. James Platonic and Archimedean Solids .............................................. 1100 Leonard R. MacGillivray Podands ...................................................................... 1106 Edwin Weber Polarity Formation: Markov Chain Model ....................................... 1120 Jurg Hulliger Polymorphism ................................................................. 1129 Mino R. Caira Porphyrin Derivatives, Functional ............................................ 1139 Mladen Zinic Porphyrin-Based Clathrates ................................................... 1150 Israel Goldberg Preorganization and Complementarity .......................................... 1158 John C. Sherman Protein Supramolecular Chemistry ............................................. 1161 Jorg Andra, Patrick Garidel, Klaus Brandenburg Protonated Aza-Macrocycles for Anion Complexation ............................ 1170 Jose M. Llinares, Kristin Bowman-James Pyrrole- and Polypyrrole-Based Anion Receptors ............................... 1176 Philip A. Gale, Jonathan L. Sessler, Salvatore Camiolo Racks, Ladders, and Grids .................................................... 1186 Marius Andruh Rotaxanes and Pseudorotaxanes ................................................ 1194 Petra Linnartz, Christoph A. Schalley Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ................................................ 1202 Lucidalva S. Pinheiro Second-Sphere Coordination ................................................... 1209 Derek A. Beauchamp, Stephen J. Loeb Secondary Bonding ............................................................ 1215 Ionel Haiduc Selectivity: Thermodynamic and Kinetic ....................................... 1225 Franz P. Schmidtchen Self-Assembling Capsules ..................................................... 1231 Dmitry M. Rudkevich Self-Assembling Catenanes .................................................... 1240 Gerhard F. Swiegers, Junhua Huang Self-Assembly: Definition and Kinetic and Thermodynamic Considerations ....... 1248 Jim A. Thomas Self-Assembly in Biochemistry ................................................ 1257 Tamara D. Hamilton, Leonard R. MacGillivray Self-Assembly: Terminology ................................................... 1263 Gerhard F. Swiegers Semiochemistry ............................................................... 1270 Antony M. Hooper, John A. Pickett Siderophores ................................................................. 1278 Robert C. Hider, Zu Dong Liu Simultaneous Binding of Cations and Anions ................................... 1291 Bradley D. Smith, Joseph M. Mahoney Simultaneous Binding of Cations and Neutral Molecules ........................ 1295 Michaele J. Hardie Soft and Smart Materials ..................................................... 1302 Dmitriy V. Soldatov Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy .......................... 1307 John A. Ripmeester, Christopher I. Ratcliffe Solid-State Reactivity/Topochemistry ......................................... 1316 Leonard R. MacGillivray, Giannis S. Papaefstathiou Solvation Effects in Guest Binding ........................................... 1322 Mikhail Rekharsky, Yoshihisa Inoue Solvatochromism .............................................................. 1330 Marcos Caroli Rezende Space Groups and Crystal Packing Modes ....................................... 1337 Chick C. Wilson Spherands .................................................................... 1344 John C. Sherman Spontaneous Formation of Homochiral Supramolecular Architectures ............. 1349 Yasuhiro Ishida Stability Constants: Definition and Determination ............................ 1360 Peter Gans, Alberto Vacca Steroid-Based Anion Complexation Agents ...................................... 1365 Anthony P. Davis Strict Self-Assembly and Self-Assembly with Covalent Modifications ........... 1372 Bruce C. Gibb Strong Hydrogen Bonds ........................................................ 1379 Christer B. Aakeroy Structural Engineering in Organic-Inorganic Perovskites ...................... 1387 Karen R. Maxcy, Roger D. Willett Supermicroscopy: AFM, SNOM, and SXM .......................................... 1394 Steven De Feyter, Frans C. De Schryver Supramolecular Chemistry: Definition ......................................... 1401 Jonathan W. Steed Supramolecular Electrochemistry .............................................. 1412 Angel E. Kaifer Supramolecular Isomerism ..................................................... 1420 Martin Schroder, Neil R. Champness Supramolecular Libraries ..................................................... 1427 Sijbren Otto, Jeremy K. M. Sanders Supramolecular Photochemistry ................................................ 1434 Sandra Monti, Francesco Barigelletti Supramolecular Polymers ...................................................... 1443 Alberto Ciferri Supramolecular Stabilization ................................................. 1453 Dmitriy V. Soldatov, John A. Ripmeester Surfactants, Part I: Fundamentals ............................................ 1458 John F. Scamehorn, David A. Sabatini, Jeffrey H. Harwell Surfactants, Part II: Applications ........................................... 1470 John F. Scamehorn, David A. Sabatini, Jeffrey H. Harwell Swelling Clays (Smectites) and Nanofilms ..................................... 1478 Robert A. Schoonheydt Tectons: Definition and Scope ................................................ 1484 Pierangelo Metrangolo, Giuseppe Resnati The Template Effect .......................................................... 1493 Daryle H. Busch Thiourea Inclusion Compounds ................................................. 1501 Kenneth D. M. Harris Torands ...................................................................... 1508 Thomas W. Bell Troger's Base Derivatives .................................................... 1516 Gerd Kaupp Unimolecular Electronics and Unimolecular Rectifiers ......................... 1525 Robert M. Metzger Urea Inclusion Compounds ..................................................... 1538 Kenneth D. M. Harris van der Waals Forces ......................................................... 1550 Hans-Jorg Schneider Vibrational Spectroscopy ..................................................... 1557 Carolyn A. Koh Viruses as Host Assemblies ................................................... 1563 Michelle Flenniken, Mark Allen, Mark Young, Trevor Douglas Vitamin B12 and Heme Models .................................................. 1569 Sabine Van Doorslaer Weak Hydrogen Bonds .......................................................... 1576 Motorhiro Nishio X-Ray Crystallography ........................................................ 1586 Kari Rissanen X-Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction ......................................... 1592 John S. O. Evans Zeolites in the Petroleum Industry ........................................... 1599 Christian Marcilly (Retired) Zeolites: Catalysis .......................................................... 1610 Takashi Tatsumi Zeolites: Separation Science ................................................. 1617 Toshinori Tsuru, Yuko Takata Zeolites: Structures and Inclusion Properties ................................ 1623 Jiri Cejka Zinc-Containing Enzymes and Their Models ..................................... 1631 Takashi Hayashi Zwitterion Receptors ......................................................... 1639 Stefano Di Stefano, Luigi Mandolini, Perla Breccia, Javier de Mendoza Index