 | Quigg C. Gauge theories of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. - 2nd ed. - Princeton; Oxford: Princeton university. press, 2013. - xiii, 482 p.: ill. - Bibliogr. at the end of the chapters. - Auth., sub. ind.: p.459-482. - ISBN 978-0-691-13548-9
Шифр: (И/В31-Q58) 02
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Preface ........................................................ хі
One Introduction ................................................ l
1.1 Elements of the Standard Model of Particle Physics ......... 4
1.2 Leptons .................................................... 6
1.3 Quarks ..................................................... 7
1.4 The Fundamental Interactions .............................. 15
Problems ....................................................... 18
For Further Reading ............................................ 21
References ..................................................... 23
TWO Lagrangian Formalism and Conservation Laws ................. 25
2.1 Hamilton's Principle ...................................... 26
2.2 Free Field Theory Examples ................................ 28
2.3 Symmetries and Conservation Laws .......................... 30
Problems ....................................................... 33
For Further Reading ............................................ 35
References ..................................................... 37
Three The Idea of Gauge Invariance ............................. 38
3.1 Historical Preliminaries .................................. 38
3.2 Gauge Invariance in Classical Electrodynamics ............. 40
3.3 Phase Invariance in Quantum Mechanics ..................... 42
3.4 Significance of Potentials in Quantum Theory .............. 44
3.5 Phase Invariance in Field Theory .......................... 46
3.6 Feynman Rules for Electromagnetism ........................ 50
Problems ....................................................... 52
For Further Reading ............................................ 53
References ..................................................... 56
Four Non-Abelian Gauge Theories ................................ 57
4.1 Motivation ................................................ 57
4.2 Construction .............................................. 58
4.3 Some Physical Consequences ................................ 63
4.4 Assessment ................................................ 66
Problems ....................................................... 66
For Further Reading ............................................ 69
References ..................................................... 70
Five Hidden Symmetries ......................................... 71
5.1 The Idea of Spontaneously Broken Symmetries ............... 72
5.2 Spontaneous Breaking of Continuous Symmetries ............. 76
5.3 Spontaneous Breaking of a Gauge Symmetry .................. 78
5.4 The Sigma Model ........................................... 81
5.5 Spontaneous Breaking of a Non-Abelian Symmetry ............ 86
5.6 Prospects ................................................. 87
Problems ....................................................... 88
For Further Reading ............................................ 91
References ..................................................... 94
Six Electroweak Interactions of Leptons ........................ 95
6.1 An Effective Lagrangian for the Weak Interactions ......... 96
6.2 Intermediate Vector Bosons: A First Look ................. 110
6.3 The Standard Electroweak Theory of Leptons ............... 120
6.4 Neutral-Current Interactions among Leptons ............... 135
6.5 The Higgs Boson: A First Look ............................ 146
6.6 The Higgs Boson, Asymptotic Behavior, and the 1-ТеV
Scale .................................................... 151
6.7 Neutrino Mixing and Neutrino Mass ........................ 156
6.8 Renormalizability of the Theory .......................... 166
6.9 Interim Assessment ....................................... 170
Problems ...................................................... 171
For Further Reading ........................................... 177
References .................................................... 183
Seven Electroweak Interactions of Quarks ...................... 187
7.1 The Standard Electroweak Theory: Preliminaries ........... 188
7.2 Electroweak Gauge Bosons ................................. 194
7.3 Electron-Positron Annihilations .......................... 198
7.4 Deeply Inelastic Lepton-Hadron Scattering ................ 205
7.5 Hadron-Hadron Interactions ............................... 223
7.6 Further Tests of the Electroweak Theory .................. 229
7.7 A Brief Look at Quantum Corrections ...................... 231
7.8 The Scale of Fermion Masses .............................. 236
7.9 Search for the Higgs Boson ............................... 237
7.10 Incompleteness of the Electroweak Theory ................. 241
7.11 The Hierarchy Problem .................................... 244
7.12 The Vacuum Energy Problem ................................ 246
7.13 Reflections .............................................. 247
Problems ...................................................... 249
For Further Reading ........................................... 258
References .................................................... 263
Eight Strong Interactions among Quarks ........................ 269
8.1 A Color Gauge Theory ..................................... 270
8.2 Charge Renormalization in Electrodynamics ................ 281
8.3 The Running Coupling Constant in QCD ..................... 294
8.4 Perturbative QCD: A First Example ........................ 303
8.5 QCD Corrections to Deeply Inelastic Scattering ........... 308
8.6 Jets in Hadron-Hadron Collisions ......................... 325
8.7 Two-Photon Processes and the Photon-Structure Function ... 328
8.8 Color Confinement ........................................ 336
8.9 QCD-induced Electroweak Symmetry Breaking ................ 341
8.10 The l/N Expansion ........................................ 345
8.11 Strong-Interaction Symmetries ............................ 352
8.12 Assessment ............................................... 356
Problems ...................................................... 358
For Further Reading ........................................... 369
References .................................................... 381
Nine Unified Theories ......................................... 387
9.1 Why Unify? ............................................... 389
9.2 The SU(5) Model .......................................... 391
9.3 Coupling-Constant Unification ............................ 402
9.4 Nucleon Decay ............................................ 408
9.5 The Baryon Number of the Universe ........................ 410
9.6 The Problem of Fermion Masses ............................ 414
9.7 Assessment ............................................... 416
Problems ...................................................... 418
For Further Reading ........................................... 423
References .................................................... 427
Epilogue ...................................................... 430
Appendix A Notations and Conventions ......................... 433
A.l Four-Vectors and Scalar Product .......................... 433
A.2 Dirac Matrices ........................................... 434
A.3 Trace Theorems and Tensor Contractions ................... 436
A.4 Dirac Equation and Dirac Spinors ......................... 437
A.5 Color Algebra ............................................ 440
A.6 Weyl-van der Waerden Spinors ............................. 444
References .................................................... 445
Appendix В Observables and Feynman Rules ..................... 447
B.1 Phase-Space Formulas: Decay Rates and Cross Sections ..... 447
B.2 Feynman Rules: Generalities .............................. 448
B.3 Feynman Integrals ........................................ 450
B.4 Regularization Procedures ................................ 452
B.5 Feynman Rules: Electrodynamics ........................... 453
For Further Reading ........................................... 454
References .................................................... 456
Appendix С Physical Constants ................................. 457
For Further Reading ........................................... 457
Author Index .................................................. 459
Subject Index ................................................. 475
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