Contributors ................................................... ix
Acknowledgments ................................................ xv
List of Abbreviations ......................................... xix
NTRODUCTION TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS ........ 1
Díin
PART I. CLIMATE REGIONS AND SPECIAL HABITATS .................... 7
1 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TROPICAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ............... 9
Michael P. Lesser
2 OXIDATIVE CHALLENGES IN POLAR SEAS .......................... 20
Francesco Regoli, Maura Benedetti, Andreas Krell, and
Doris Abele
3 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ESTUARINE AND INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENTS
(TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL) .................................... 41
Carolina A. Freire, Alexis F. Welker, Janet M. Storey,
Kenneth B. Storey, and Marcelo Hermes-Lima
4 OXIDATIVE STRESS TOLERANCE STRATEGIES OF INTERTIDAL
MACROALGAE .................................................. 58
José Aguilera and Ralf Rautenberger
5 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AQUATIC PRIMARY PRODUCERS AS A DRIVING
FORCE FOR ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TO LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES ..................................................... 72
Pauline Snoeijs, Peter Sylvander, and Norbert Häubner
6 MIGRATING TO THE OXYGEN MINIMUM LAYER: EUPHAUSIIDS .......... 89
Nelly Tremblay, Tania Zenteno-Savín, Jaime Gómez-
Gutiérrez, and Alfonso N. Maeda-Martínez
7 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SULFIDIC HABITATS ....................... 99
Joanna Joyner-Matos and David Julian
8 IRON IN COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: ROLE IN OXIDATIVE
STRESS ..................................................... 115
Paula Mariela González, Dorothee Wilhelms-Dick, Doris
Abele, and Susana Puntarulo
9 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CORAL-PHOTOBIONT COMMUNITIES ........... 127
Marco A. Liñán-Cabello, Michael P. Lesser, Laura A.
Flores-Ramirez, Tania Zenteno-Savin, and Hector
Reyes-Bonilla
PART II. AQUATIC RESPIRATION AND OXYGEN SENSING ............... 139
10 PRINCIPLES OF OXYGEN UPTAKE AND TISSUE OXYGENATION IN
WATER-BREATHING ANIMALS .................................... 141
J.C. Massabuau and Doris Abele
11 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SHARKS AND RAYS ........................ 157
Roberto I. López-Cruz, Alcir Luiz Dafre, andDanilo Wilhelm
Filho
12 OXYGEN SENSING: THE ROLE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ........ 165
Mikko Nikinmaa, Max Gassmann, and Anna Bogdanova
13 ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION IN DIVING BIRDS AND MAMMALS: HOW
THEY AVOID OXIDATIVE DAMAGE ................................ 178
Tania Zenteno-Savín, Jose Pablo Vázquez-Medina, Nadiezhda
Cantu-Medellin, Paul J. Ponganis, and Robert Eisner
PART III. MARINE ANIMAL MODELS FOR AGING, DEVELOPMENT, AND
DISEASE ....................................................... 191
14 AGING IN MARINE ANIMALS .................................... 193
Eva E.R. Philipp, Julia Strahl, and Alexey A. Sukhotin
15 OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS IN
CRUSTACEAN LIFE CYCLES ..................................... 208
María Luisa Fanjul-Moles and María E. Gonsebatt
16 TRANSFER OF FREE RADICALS BETWEEN PROTEINS AND MEMBRANE
LIPIDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AQUATIC BIOLOGY ................... 224
Brenda Valderrama, Gustavo Rodríguez-Alonso, and Rebecca
Pogni
17 IMMUNE DEFENSE OF MARINE INVERTEBRATES: THE ROLE OF
REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES ....................... 236
Eva E.R. Philipp, Simone Lipinski, Jonathan Rast, and
Philip Rosenstiel
18 ATTACK AND DEFENSE: REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES
IN TELEOST FISH IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THE COEVOLVED EVASION
OF MICROBES AND PARASITES .................................. 247
Katja Broeg and Dieter Steinhagen
PART IV. MARINE ANIMAL STRESS RESPONSE AND BIOMONITORING ...... 261
19 STRESS EFFECTS ON METABOLISM AND ENERGY BUDGETS IN
MOLLUSKS ................................................... 263
Inna M. Sokolova, Alexey A. Sukhotin, and Gisela Lannig
20 STARVATION, ENERGETICS, AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSES ........... 281
Amalia E. Morales, Amalia Perez-Jiménez, Miriam Furné, and
Helga Guderley
21 ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN FISH ........... 295
Volodymyr I. Lushchak
22 CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS AND THE MECHANISMS OF REACTIVE OXYGEN
SPECIES GENERATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS .................... 308
Francesco Regoli
23 BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS: BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS
FOR THEIR APPLICATION IN BIOMONITORING OF AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ............................................... 317
José Maria Monserrat, Rafaela Elias Letts, Josencler
I. Ribas Ferreira, Juliane Ventura-Lima, Lílian L. Amado,
Alessandra M. Rocha, Stefania Gorbi, Raffaella Bocchetti,
Maura Benedetti, and Francesco Regoli
PART V. METHODS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS DETECTION ................. 327
24 DETECTION OF REACTIVE METABOLITES OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN ... 329
Matthew B. Grisham
25 ROLE OF SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN IN THE OXIDATIVE DAMAGE
TO BIOMOLECULES ............................................ 344
Graziella Eliza Ronsein, Glaucia Regina Martinez, Eduardo
Alves de Almeida, Sayuri Miyamoto, Marisa Helena Gennari
de Medeiros, and Paolo Di Mascio
26 TOTAL OXYRADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY ASSAY ................. 359
Stefania Gorbi and Francesco Regoli
27 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAYS OF ANTIOXIDANTS .................. 367
Francesco Regoli, Raffaella Bocchetti, and Danilo Wilhelm
Filho
28 evaluation of glutathione status in aquatic organisms ...... 381
Eduardo Alves de Almeida, Danilo Grunig Humberto Silva,
Afonso Celso Dias Bainy, Florêncio Porto Freitas, Flávia
Daniela Motta, Osmar Francisco Gomes, Marisa Helena
Gennari de Medeiros, and Paolo DiMascio
29 measurement of antioxidant pigments and vitamins in
phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish ....................... 389
Pauline Snoeijs, Norbert Háubner, Peter Sylvander, and
Xiang-Ping Nie
30 carotenoid analysis and identification in marine
animals .................................................... 402
Eduardo Alves de Almeida, Glaucia Regina Martinez, and
Paolo Di Mascio
31 Linoleic acid oxidation products as biomarkers of
oxidative stress IN VIVO ................................... 412
Etsuo Niki and Yasukazu Yoshida
32 The classic methods to measure oxidative damage: lipid
peroxides, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances, and
protein carbonyls .......................................... 420
Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Halyna M. Semchyshyn, and Oleh
V. Lushchak
33 Protein carbonyl measurement by enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay ........................................ 432
Betul Catalgol, Stefanie Grimm, and Tilman Grune
34 Evaluation of malondialdehyde levels ....................... 440
Sayuri Miyamoto, Eduardo Alves de Almeida, Lilian
Nogueira, Marisa Helena Gennari de Medeiros. and Paolo
Di Mascio
35 The use of electron paramagnetic resonance in studies of
oxidative damage to lipids in aquatic systems .............. 448
Gabriela Malanga and Susana Puntarulo
36 The ascorbyl radical/ascorbate ratio as an index of
oxidative stress in aquatic organisms ...................... 458
Gabriela Malanga, Maria Belén Aguiar, and Susana
Puntarulo
37 Evaluation of oxidative dna damage in aquatic animals:
comet assays and 8-oxo-7,8-dihidro-2'-deoxyguanosine
levels ..................................................... 465
José Pedro Friedmann Angeli, Glaucia Regina Martinez,
Flávia Daniela Motta, Eduardo Alves de Almeida, Marisa
Helena Gennari de Medeiros, and Paolo Di Mascio
38 Evaluation of dna adducts formed by lipid peroxidation
by-products ................................................ 475
Camila Carrião Machado Garcia, José Pedro Friedmann
Angeli, Eduardo Alves de Almeida, Marisa Helena Gennari
de Medeiros, and Paolo Di Mascio
39 Methods to quantify lysosomal membrane stability and the
accumulation of lipofuscin ................................. 487
Katja Broeg and Stefania Gorbi
Index ......................................................... 507
Color plate section appears between pages 250 and 521
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