Abstract ...................................................... III
Kurzfassung ..................................................... V
Acknowledgements .............................................. VII
List of Figures ................................................ XI
List of Tables ............................................... XVII
List of Symbols and Operators ................................. XIX
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................... XXIII
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
1.1 Motivation .............................................. 1
1.2 State-of-the-Art ........................................ 2
1.3 Objectives and Organization of the Thesis ............... 4
2 SAR Remote Sensing ........................................... 7
2.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging ........................ 7
2.1.1 Principles of Radar Imaging ...................... 7
2.1.2 Interpretation of SAR Images .................... 10
2.2 SAR Interferometry (InSAR) ............................. 13
2.2.1 InSAR Geometry .................................. 13
2.2.2 Interferometric Coherence ....................... 14
2.3 Polarimetrie SAR (PolSAR) .............................. 16
2.3.1 Polarimetrie' Target Descriptors ................ 16
2.3.2 Polarimetrie Observables ........................ 18
2.3.3 Eigenvector-based Decomposition ................. 19
2.3.4 Polarimetrie Interferometric SAR (Pol-InSAR) .... 22
3 Detection of Coherent Scatterers ............................ 25
3.1 Introduction ........................................... 25
3.2 SAR Response of a Coherent Scatterer ................... 26
3.2.1 Response of a Coherent Scatterer in the Range
Dimension ....................................... 26
3.2.2 Response of a Coherent Scatterer in the
Azimuth Dimension ............................... 28
3.2.3 Response of a Coherent Scatterer in Range and
Azimuth Dimensions .............................. 30
3.3 Observed Signal Model and Problem Statement for
Coherent Scatterer Detection ........................... 35
3.3.1 The Sublooking Process .......................... 35
3.3.2 SAR Response of a Coherent Scatterer in
Sublook Images .................................. 36
3.3.3 Clutter Model ................................... 38
3.3.4 Detection Problem Statement ..................... 41
3.4 Coherent Scatterer Detection Methods ................... 42
3.4.1 Sublook Coherence Approach (SCA) ................ 43
3.4.2 Sublook Entropy Approach (SEA) .................. 45
3.4.3 Phase Variance Approach (PVA) ................... 45
3.4.4 Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test Approach
(GLRTA) ......................................... 47
4 Theoretical Performance Analysis ............................ 51
4.1 Introduction ........................................... 51
4.2 GLRTA Performance ...................................... 51
4.2.1 Independent Sublooks ............................ 52
4.2.2 Overlapping Sublooks ............................ 54
4.2.3 Sublook Bandwidth Size .......................... 57
4.2.4 Compound-Gaussian Clutter ....................... 58
4.2.5 Position Estimation ............................. 6l
4.2.6 Range and Azimuth Directions .................... 63
4.3 Performance Comparisons ................................ 68
4.3.1 SCA Performance ................................. 68
4.3.2 SEA Performance ................................. 69
4.3.3 PVA Performance ................................. 70
5 Experiments with Real Data .................................. 73
5.1 Introduction ........................................... 73
5.2 CS Detection: Performance Analysis with Real Data ...... 73
5.2.1 Helheim Glacier Test Site ....................... 73
5.2.2 Remningstorp Forest Test Site ................... 81
5.3 Detection of Coherent Scatterers in Different
Scenarios .............................................. 89
5.3.1 Paris City Test Site ............................ 90
5.3.2 Etna Volcano Test Site .......................... 95
5.3.3 Glacier Environments ............................. 99
5.4 Coherent Scatterers Detection in Time Series .......... 109
5.4.1 Temporal Stability of Coherent Scatterers ...... 109
5.4.2 Coherent Scatterers for Monitoring
Subsidences .................................... 115
6 Summary and Conclusions .................................... 123
6.1 Introduction .......................................... 123
6.2 Summary ............................................... 123
6.3 Contributions ......................................... 128
6.4 Outlook ............................................... 129
References .................................................... 131
Curriculum Vitae .............................................. 139
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