Thorp J.H. The riverine ecosystem synthesis: toward conceptual cohesiveness in river science / J.H.Thorp, M.C.Thoms, M.D.Delong. - Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press, 2008. - xv, 208 p.: ill. - (Aquatic ecology series). - Bibliogr.: p.181-201. - Ind.: p.203-208. - ISBN 978-0-12-370612-6  Место хранения:   049 | Институт водных и экологических проблем CO РАН | Барнаул | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Foreword ....................................................... ix Preface ........................................................ xi Acknowledgments ................................................ xv 1 Introduction to the Riverine Ecosystem Synthesis Background and scope ......................................... 1 Conceptual cohesiveness ................................... 1 Organization of this book ................................. 2 Basic concepts in the riverine ecosystem synthesis ........... 4 Hydrogeomorphic patches and functional process zones ...... 4 Ecological attributes of functional process zones ......... 5 Hierarchical patch dynamics ............................... 6 Bicomplexity tenets ....................................... 7 2 Historical and Recent Perspectives on Riverine Concepts Introduction ................................................. 9 Patterns along a longitudinal dimension in river networks ... 10 Longitudinally ordered zonation .......................... 10 The river as a continuum - a clinal perspective ............. 11 Hydrogeomorphic patches vs a continuous riverine cline ... 13 Network theory and the structure of riverine ecosystems .. 15 The lateral dimension of rivers - the riverine landscape .... 15 Temporal dimension: normality or aberration? ................ 17 Vertical dimension: the bulk of the iceberg! ................ 19 Other important riverine concepts ........................... 20 3 Hierarchical Patch Dynamics in Riverine Landscapes Hierarchical patch dynamics model - brief introduction ...... 21 Hierarchy theory ............................................ 22 Patch dynamics defined ...................................... 29 Hierarchical patch dynamics in riverine research ............ 29 Selective spatiotemporal scales ............................. 29 The nature of patches and their study in riverine landscapes ............................................ 30 Element I: nested, discontinuous hierarchies of patch mosaics ............................................... 32 Element II: ecosystem dynamics as a composite of intra- and interpatch dynamics ............................... 33 Element III: linked patterns and processes ............... 34 Element IV: dominance of nonequilibrial and stochastic processes ............................................. 35 Element V: formation of a quasi-equilibrial, metastable state ................................................. 36 Metapopulations ............................................. 37 The RES as a research framework and field applications of hierarchical patch dynamics ................................. 38 4 The Spatial Arrangement of River Systems: The Emergence of Hydrogeomorphic Patches Introduction ................................................ 41 The spatial arrangement of riverine landscapes .............. 43 River characterization ...................................... 45 A characterization scheme for the RES ....................... 50 Application of the characterization framework ............... 51 Example 1: rivers within the Murray-Darling Basin ........ 52 Example 2: the rivers of the Kingdom of Lesotho .......... 59 What scale to choose and its relevance to riverine landscapes ............................................... 63 Summary ..................................................... 67 5 Defining the Hydrogeomorphic Character of a Riverine Ecosystem Introduction ................................................ 69 Background philosophies and approaches ...................... 70 Determining the character of river networks: top-down vs bottom-up approaches ........................................ 73 Top-down approaches ...................................... 73 Bottom-up approaches ..................................... 80 Comparing top-down vs bottom-up approaches: an example ... 88 Some common functional process zones ........................ 90 A brief review of functional process zones ............... 90 Confined valley functional process zones ................. 91 Partially confined functional process zones .............. 93 Unconfined functional process zones ...................... 94 Summary .................................................... 101 6 Ecological Implications of the Riverine Ecosystem Synthesis: Some Proposed Biocomplexity Tenets (Hypotheses) Introduction ............................................... 103 Distribution of species .................................... 104 Model tenet 1: hydrogeomorphic patches .................. 104 Model tenet 2: importance of functional process zone over clinal position ................................. 105 Model tenet 3: ecological nodes ......................... 106 Model tenet 4: hydrologic retention ..................... 107 Community regulation ....................................... 108 Model tenet 5: hierarchical habitat template ............ 108 Model tenet 6: deterministic vs stochastic factors ...... 110 Model tenet 7: quasi-equilibrium ........................ 114 Model tenet 8: trophic complexity ....................... 115 Model tenet 9: succession ............................... 117 Ecosystem and riverine landscape processes ................. 118 Model tenet 10: primary productivity within functional process zones ........................................ 118 Model tenet 11: riverscape food web pathways ............ 119 Model tenet 12: floodscape food web pathways ............ 123 Model tenet 13: nutrient spiraling ...................... 124 Model tenet 14: dynamic hydrology ....................... 126 Model tenet 15: flood-linked evolution .................. 127 Model tenet 16: connectivity ............................ 128 Model tenet 17: landscape patterns of functional process zones ........................................ 129 7 Ecogeomorphology of Altered Riverine Landscapes: Implications for Biocomplexity Tenets Introduction ............................................... 133 Distribution of species .................................... 135 Model tenet 1: hydrogeomorphic patches .................. 135 Model tenet 2: importance of functional process zone over clinal position ................................. 136 Model tenet 3: ecological nodes ......................... 139 Model tenet 4: hydrologic retention ..................... 140 Community regulation ....................................... 142 Model tenet 5: hierarchical habitat template ............ 142 Model tenet 6: deterministic vs stochastic factors ...... 143 Model tenet 7: quasi-equilibrium 144 Model tenet 8: trophic complexity ................................... 146 Model tenet 9: succession ............................... 148 Ecosystem and riverine landscape processes ................. 150 Model tenet 10: primary productivity within functional process zones ........................................ 150 Model tenet 11: riverscape food web pathways ............ 151 Model tenet 12: floodscape food web pathways ............ 154 Model tenet 13: nutrient spiraling ...................... 155 Model tenet 14: dynamic hydrology ....................... 158 Model tenet 15: flood-linked evolution .................. 159 Model tenet 16: connectivity ............................ 160 Model tenet 17: landscape patterns of functional process zones ........................................ 162 8 Practical Applications of the Riverine Ecosystem Synthesis in Management and Conservation Settings Introduction ............................................... 165 Revisiting hierarchy and scales ............................ 166 The relevance of scale in river management .............. 167 Focus on catchment-based approaches to management ....... 168 Application of functional process zones .................... 169 Prioritization for conservation purposes ................ 169 River assessments and the importance of the functional process zone scale ......................................... 170 Determining environmental water allocations ................ 175 Summary .................................................... 177 Concluding Remarks ......................................... 179 Literature Cited ........................................... 181 Index ......................................................... 203