Foreword ........................................................ 6
THE THREATS TO BIRDS ............................................ 8
Bird Distribution ............................................ 10
Threats to Wild Birds ........................................ 12
Threats to Habitats .......................................... 16
The World Bird Database ...................................... 20
HABITATS ....................................................... 22
Worldwide Habitats ........................................... 24
Tropical Forest .............................................. 26
Major Tropical Forests ....................................... 28
Habitat Focus: Lowland Atlantic Forest of Brazil ............. 32
Tropical Forest Endemic Bird Areas ........................... 34
Conservation Story: Philippine Eagle ......................... 36
Threatened Birds of South and Central America ................ 38
Temperate and Northern Forest ................................ 42
Major Temperate and Northern Forests ......................... 44
Habitat Focus: Western Himalayas Endemic Bird Area ........... 49
Conservation Story: Spotted Owl .............................. 50
Desert ....................................................... 52
Major Deserts of the World ................................... 54
Conservation Story: Houbara Bustard .......................... 58
Mountain ..................................................... 60
Mountain Ranges .............................................. 62
Habitat Focus: The East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania ....... 64
Conservation Story: California Condor ........................ 68
Grassland .................................................... 72
Grasslands Around the World .................................. 74
Habitat Focus: Serengeti Plains/Masai Mara ................... 78
Mediterranean Scrub and Heathland ............................ 80
Types of Scrub and Heathland ................................. 82
Habitat Focus: Australian Mallee ............................. 86
Wetland and Coast ............................................ 88
Wetlands of the World ........................................ 90
Habitat Focus: Endangered Cranes ............................. 92
Conservation Story: Kakadu National Park ..................... 96
Conservation Story: Rare Birds of the Andean Lakes .......... 100
Island ...................................................... 102
The Threats to Island Birds ................................. 104
Conservation Story: Success in the Seychelles ............... 106
Oceanic Islands ............................................. 108
Conservation Story: New Caledonia ........................... 114
ENDANGERED BIRDS .............................................. 116
The Bird Profiles ........................................... 118
Kiwis, Tinamous, and Cassowaries ............................ 120
Penguins .................................................... 121
Grebes ...................................................... 122
Albatrosses ................................................. 123
Petrels and Shearwaters, Storm-petrels and Diving-petrels ... 125
Pelicans, Gannets and Boobies, Cormorants, and Frigatebirds . 127
Herons and Egrets, Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills, Shoebill,
and Flamingos ............................................ 129
Ducks, Geese, and Swans ..................................... 131
New World Vultures and Old World Vultures ................... 133
Kites, Harriers, Honey-buzzards, and Falcons ................ 134
Hawks ....................................................... 136
Eagles ...................................................... 137
Peafowl, Pheasants, and Tragopans ........................... 139
Partridges, Francolins, Quails, and Allies .................. 141
Guineafowl, Megapodes, Guans, and Curassows ................. 143
Cranes ...................................................... 145
Rails, Crakes, and Allies ................................... 146
Bustards, Buttonquails, Plains-wanderer, Kagu, Mesites, and
Finfoots ................................................. 148
Plovers, Sandpipers, Stilts, Oystercatchers, Coursers, and
Pratincoles .............................................. 150
Gulls and Terns, and Auks ................................... 152
Doves and Pigeons ........................................... 154
New World Amazons and Macaws ................................ 158
New World Parrots, Parakeets, and Parrotlets ................ 160
Old World Cockatoos, Lorikeets, and Parakeets ............... 162
Old World Parrots ........................................... 164
Cuckoos and Turacos ......................................... 166
Typical Owls ................................................ 167
Barn Owls, Nightjars, Owlet-Nightjars ....................... 169
Swifts and Hummingbirds ..................................... 171
Trogons, Kingfishers, Hornbills, Ground-rollers, and
Motmots .................................................. 174
Woodpeckers, Toucans and Barbets, and Jacamars .............. 176
Broadbills, Scrub-birds, and Ovenbirds ...................... 178
Antbirds .................................................... 180
Antpittas, Pittas, Woodcreepers, New Zealand Wrens, and
Asities .................................................. 182
Tyrant-flycatchers .......................................... 184
Manakins, Cotingas, and Tapaculos ........................... 186
Swallows and Martins, Larks, and Pipits ..................... 188
Bulbuls, Bush-shrikes and Helmet-shrikes, Cuckooshrikes,
Vangas, Shrikes, and Leafbirds ........................... 191
Wrens, Nuthatches, Dippers, and Tits ........................ 193
Thrushes, Mockingbirds and Thrashers ........................ 195
Babblers and Parrotbills, and Rockfowl ...................... 197
Old World Warblers, Cisticolas and Allies, and Gnatcatchers . 199
Chats and Old World Flycatchers, Australasian Wrens,
Bristlebirds, and Wattle-eyes ............................ 202
Monarchs, Thornbills and Gerygones, Fantails,
Shrike-thrushes, and Australasian Robins ................. 205
White-eyes .................................................. 207
Honeyeaters, Sunbirds, Flowerpeckers, and Pardalotes ........ 209
Buntings, American Sparrows, and Allies ..................... 211
Tanagers and Allies ......................................... 213
New World Warblers .......................................... 215
New World Blackbirds and Vireos ............................. 217
Finches ..................................................... 219
Waxbills, Munias, and Allies, and Weavers, Fodies, and
Allies ................................................... 222
Starlings, Orioles, Drongos, and Birds of Paradise .......... 224
Crows and Jays, and Wattled Crows ........................... 226
CONSERVATION .................................................. 228
Conservation Works .......................................... 230
Saving Seabirds ............................................. 232
Invasive Species on Islands ................................. 234
Conserving Forest Birds ..................................... 235
What is BirdLife? ........................................... 236
Preventing Extinctions Program .............................. 239
Birdwatching Hotspots of the World .......................... 240
Glossary ...................................................... 244
Index ......................................................... 246
Acknowledgments ............................................... 256
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