1 Introduction to Wave Optics .................................. 1
1.1 Preamble ................................................ 1
1.2 Complex Representation of Harmonic Waves ................ 3
1.3 Polarized Waves ......................................... 6
1.4 Diffraction Fundamentals ............................... 14
1.5 Image Formation ........................................ 21
2 Principles of Interference .................................. 31
2.1 Coherence of Optical Waves ............................. 31
2.2 Van Cittert-Zernike Theorem ............................ 46
3 Applications of Interferometry .............................. 51
3.1 Early Stellar Interferometry ........................... 51
3.2 Radio Interferometry ................................... 57
3.3 Intensity Interferometry ............................... 87
3.4 Interferometer for Cosmic Probe ....................... 109
4 Single-dish Diffraction-limited Imaging .................... 115
4.1 Turbulence ............................................ 115
4.2 Speckle Interferometry ................................ 137
4.3 Adaptive Optics ....................................... 142
4.4 Required Components for an АО System .................. 147
5 Diluted-aperture Stellar Interferometry .................... 165
5.1 Methodology of Interferometry ......................... 165
5.2 Baseline Geometry ..................................... 176
5.3 Imaging Interferometry ................................ 188
6 Basic Tools and Technical Challenges ....................... 205
6.1 Requirements for the LBOI ............................. 205
6.2 Limitations and Constraints ........................... 243
7 Discrete-Element Interferometers ........................... 253
7.1 Direct-Detection Interferometers ...................... 253
7.2 Spatial Interferometry in the Infrared (IR) Region .... 260
7.3 Arrays with Multiple Telescopes ....................... 265
7.4 Interferometers Under Development ..................... 275
7.5 Interferometry with Large Arrays ...................... 278
7.6 Space-borne Interferometry ............................ 288
7.7 Reviving Intensity Interferometry ..................... 293
8 Image Recovery ............................................. 299
8.1 Data Processing ....................................... 299
8.2 Reconstruction of Objects from Speckles ............... 306
8.3 Aperture Synthesis Mapping ............................ 313
9 Astronomy with Diluted Aperture Interferometry ............. 325
9.1 Astronomical Measurements ............................. 325
9.2 Stellar Parameters .................................... 336
9.3 Exploding Stars ....................................... 384
9.4 Extragalactic Sources ................................. 389
9.5 Infrared Astronomy .................................... 400
A Transfer Function of an Optical System ..................... 411
A.1 Linear System ......................................... 411
A.2 Measures of Coherence ................................. 413
В Fourier Optics ............................................. 415
B.1 Fourier Transform ..................................... 415
С Spatial Frequency Response ................................. 429
C.1 Transfer Function ..................................... 429
D Zernike Representation of Atmospheric Turbulence ........... 433
E Celestial Coordinate System ................................ 437
References .................................................... 439
Index ......................................................... 459
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